Quiz Shakespeare and Elizabethan Literature Flashcard

Quiz: Shakespeare and Elizabethan Literature

The Life Processes essays

The Life Processes essays The best way to distinguish a living organism from a non-living organism is to determine whether it does or does not have a metabolism. A metabolism is the ongoing interrelated series of chemical interactions taking place in living organisms that provide the energy and nutrients needed to sustain life. Regulation, Growth, Nutrition, Excretion, Synthesis, Transport, Respiration, and Reproduction are the processes that make up the metabolism and are known as lifes processes. Regulation, also known as homeostasis, helps the body maintain a stable internal environment. If for some reason this stable environment is disconcerted, the organism will no longer be able to stay alive. Growth is the process that regulates the development and increase in size of an organism. Growth is extremely dependent on Nutrition. Nutrition is the process that utilizes food in order to grow. It is made up of three parts, Ingestion, Digestion, and Egestion. Ingestion is the taking in of the food, Digestion is the break down of the food from larger to smaller molecules, and Egestion is the undigested waste. Excretion is the life process that deals with wastes, after food is utilized for nutrition, the products no longer needed exit the body. Synthesis is the chemical process of smaller molecules evolving into larger molecules. Transport, the fifth life process, controls the movement of nutrients in and out of cells. The circulatory system is an organized transportation unit found in complex living organisms. Respiration is the process that releases energy from food with the help of ATP. The last life process is Reproduction. Reproduction allows for an organism to make its own kind to prevent extinction. There is asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, two cells from different organisms combine to produce a new being. In asexual reproduction, the newly born organism has only one parent. ...

European Union should stop supporting Airbus Essay

European Union should stop supporting Airbus - Essay Example with manufacturing costs, the company has managed to grow its market share and improve its manufacturing to the point where Boeing now claims dominance in market share and revenues worldwide. Airbus has taken in over US$13 billion in subsidies since its founding, yet the company continues to ask its government shareholders for more subsidies to continue to compete against its rival. Subsidies cost the European taxpayer, and support the airlines which buy planes. Each Euro which is taken from European taxpayers could be better employed by direct consumption or investment in private enterprise, which would result in the application of market reasoning to funds usage. The reasoning used to support Airbus is the same as the Common Agricultural Policy—that farmers (or aircraft employees) cannot be competitive on their own, and need to have subsidisation in order to maintain employment and compete on world markets. The reasoning used by both is the same: both are â€Å"bridge† financings, and should not have to be made all the time, just during an ‘adjustment period.’ In fact, Airbus, as with European farmers, has grown used to government subsidisation, and has not adjusted its policies to improve its competitive position. Governments justify their continuing support in Airbus on the basis of the number of jobs created or maintained. They do not mention the opportunity cost of employing that capital in other industries, or of giving investors the capital in order to make rational business decisions. The governments of Germany and France, far from aiding Airbus and its ability to compete with Boeing, have placed conditions which make it impossible for the company to be as cost- or capital-effective as the company from Chicago. Boeing has been able to accelerate development and production of its 777 and 787 aircraft by seeking the best industrial partners from around the world. It has thus reduced its own capital requirements in new models by off-loading

How advertising has changed the perception of womens self-esteem Essay

How advertising has changed the perception of womens self-esteem - Essay Example This essay "How advertising has changed the perception of women’s self-esteem" describes the alteration in women’s self-esteem brought by the media and advertising as they experience great pressure to cope and adapt to the world around them. Contemporary western culture strongly eulogizes the virtues of products and interventions which seek to enhance one’s physical appearance, through aggressive advertisement campaigns aimed at appealing to the sensibilities of the vulnerable target groups – the female consumers. This is evident from the gamut of television advertisements promoting and advocating the merits of medical alterations and the use of cosmetic products which promises the proverbial "fountain of youth" to the ageing population, and enhanced sex appeal to the youth. Such an increased penetration of medical marketing and cosmetics as tools to increase one's social standing and elevate their likeability within the contemporary society has generated a greater awareness regarding such products and at the same time, significantly transformed the very definition of "ideal beauty". It now encompasses a term which refers to the achievement of unrealistic beauty standards which are acquired through the normalization of an individual's body which are in sync with the digitally enhanced images and those unattainable through natural means, i.e., cosmetic surgery. The fixation with slenderness as an ideal body type and an unrivalled eagerness to conform to the widely accepted social standards of beauty has provided an added boost to the cosmetics industry.

Marketing transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing transportation - Essay Example Managers within the mid-level within the business division make them. Functional-level strategies concerns single functional undertakings and related concepts that allow for the establishment of tactical decision. It concentrates on comparatively limited plan offering objectives for various functions, allotment of resources amongst diverse operations within certain functional divisions. The logistic strategy bears connections with the corporate strategy since logistics offers input in the creation of corporate strategy. Logistic strategy is affected the objectives presented by corporate and business-level strategies. Additionally, logistic strategies are affected by the strategic decisions made in various sectors of functional divisions of marketing with manufacturing. The capacity of logistic function to effect the triumph of a corporation grounds from the capacity of the logistic manager to create and employ strategies that are associated with corporate strategy. Performance measurement can be considered intricate within a global logistic context given that in the measurements, there is assortment or diversity in various equipments utilized in terms of category, magnitude and commodities. Therefore, the measurements cannot be considered simple since measurements have to be established for every component. Information is considered quite influential in relation to supply management and logistics. Extensive familiarity and visibility within these areas allows for replacement of inventories with data. Extensive knowledge concerning consumer demands through sale point information assists in improving planning and lessens inconsistency with the supply chain. It allows for excellent synchronization of various concepts such as marketing and supply via ERP tools. It ensures updated order processing and diminished lead times achieved through synchronized logistic data arrangements. Utilization of

Production of Pure Lipases

Production of Pure Lipases Most Rhizopus lipases described in the literature are produced by their host cells in very small amounts, which is not suitable for large-scale industrial applications. Another drawback of working with native microorganisms is that Rhizopus sp. usually produces different isolipases with different biocatalytic properties, which complicates biocatalytic application with unwanted side effects caused by unrelated enzymes (67). Thus, in order to implement more industrial lipase applications, one of the most promising strategies is to produce heterologous lipases in a host microorganism which have the advantages to minimize the complexity of the bioprocess, to facilitate the more economic production of large quantities of pure lipases and to reduce costs (68). Rhizopus species was mainly divided into three groups, including R. oryzae, R. microsporus, R. stolonifer (69). Until now, the lipase genes from all these three groups have been cloned. Consistent with the proposal that many Rhizopus isolates are actually the same organism (69), nearly complete identities were observed in the lipase genes from the genus Rhizopus. In the R. oryzae group, lipases from R. niveus IFO 9759 (70) (71) (72), R. delemar ATCC34612 (73) (74) and R. javanicus (75) have identical amino acid sequences, and the lipases from R. oryzae ATCC 853 (76, 77) (78) and R. arrhizus L-03-R-1(79) differ by only several substitutions. The lipase from R. stolonifer (GenBank No. AAZ66864.1) and R. chinensis (GenBank No. ABN59381.2)(80) were of about 80% amino acid sequence identity to R. oryzae lipase (GenBank No. BAG16821.1) (Fig). Rhizopus lipases are synthesized as pre-pro-proteins composed of signal sequence, prosequence and mature lipase sequence (76) (80). The production of Rhizopus lipases has been performed in Escherichia coli [8], in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [9] and in Pichia pastoris [10,11]. Due to either different protein post-translational modifications affecting the glycosylation pattern of these lipases, or to proteolytic cleavage products arising from the mature, the pro- or the pre-pro-enzyme, the lipases derived from recombinant strains showed different molecular mass and different enzymatic properties compared with those from wild strains (75) (81). E. coli as host When E. coli was selected as a host, overexpression of R. oryzae prolipase (ProROL) and mature R. oryzae lipase (mROL) was achieved by using E. coli BL321, the heat-inducible vector pCYTEXP1 and the preOmpA sequence to achieve secretion into the periplasmic space (77) (76). Both fusion proteins induced by a temperature shift to 42  °C were correctly processed and translocated to the periplasmic space, but both mROL and ProROL accumulated as insoluble aggregates. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of mROL damages cells even at low concentrations, whereas the expression of active ProROL has no toxic effects on E. coli and the amount of purified active ProROL (103 U/mL) is larger than that of mROL by a factor of more than 100(77). By in vitro refolding of the insoluble form of mROL, its prosequence was supposed to support the refolding of mROL in vitro (77). R. delemar lipase was also expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21(DE3) using plasmid vector pE T11d (74). In order to achieve soluble production in E. coli, Di Lorenzo et al. (82) used a reductase-deficient host strain, E. coli Origami(DE3), which greatly enhance disulfide bond formation in the E. coli cytoplasm, and pET-11d as expression systems, yielded correctly folded and active mROL and ProROL only in the cytoplasm fraction. Although the specific activities of mROL and ProROL are comparable, the yield of ProROL (166U/mL) was higher than that of mROL (82). S. cerevisiae as host In contrast to E. coli expression system, eukaryotic expression system (eg. P. pastoris, S. cerevisiae) has the advantage of secretion into the cell culture supernatant, avoiding cell disruption, and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. Takahashi et al. (78) reported the production of the active R. oryzae lipase (ROL) by S. cerevisiae. When the ProROL gene fused with S. cerevisiae ÃŽ ±-factor signal sequence was expressed in S. cerevisiae using UPR-ICL as a promoter, two forms of ROL, ProROL (46 kDa) and r28ROL (35 kDa) having 28 amino acids of the prosequence, were secreted into the culture medium, but the activity of mROL was not detected in both the medium and cells (78). The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the processed form r28ROL was cleaved by Kex2-like protease in S. cerevisiae at the recognition site KR in the prosequence (78). The independent production of two different molecular forms of ROL was succe ssfully obtained using Kex2-engineered strains of S. cerevisiae (83). The amounts of enzyme secreted were estimated as 78.8 mg/l broth for ProROL and 38.3 mg/l broth for r28ROL. These two forms of ROL exhibited distinct properties. ProROL were more thermostable than the processed lipase r28ROL (83), which was also observed in the case of R. niveus lipase expressed in S. cerevisiae (84). The expressed R. niveus lipase activity in the culture supernatant reached 1600 U/mL, a value equivalent to 0.2~0.3 g lipase protein per 1 liter of culture supernatant (72). The role of the prosequence of ROL was further analyzed in S. cerevisiae. When mROL was co-expressed in trans with the prosequence fused to the pre-alpha-factor leader sequence, the activity of mROL was recovered, suggested that the covalent linkage of the prosequence to the mROL was not necessary for the function (85) (86) . From the expression of the ROL mutants with deletions at the N-terminal end of the prosequence together w ith mROL in trans, the residues from 20 to 37 in the prosequence were essential for the secretion, and those from 38 to 57 were essential for the formation of the active ROL and might play a role as an intramolecular chaperone (86). Apart from extracellular expression, R. oryzae lipase was also successfully displayed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae with a lipase activity of 350.6 U/L (87-89). P. pastoris as host On the contrary to S. cerevisiae expression system when the prolipase gene from R. arrhizus was expressed in P. pastoris, only the mature lipase attached with 28 amino acids of the carboxy-terminal part of the prosequence was secreted in the supernatant (Niu, Li et al. 2006). Prolipase with complete prosequence was nearly found in the supernatant which may be the result that the activity of Kex2-like protease was higher in P. pastoris than in S. cerevisiae (Niu, Li et al. 2006). Interestingly, expression of the prolipase gene from R. chinensis in P. pastors produced two forms of lipase, mature lipase attached with 27 amino acids of the prosequence (r27RCL) and mature lipase (mRCL) (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). At the early stage of fermentation, the recombinant P. pastors produced only r27RCL, which was gradually degraded into mRCL along with the fermentation, probably processed by serine proteases presented in the culture medium (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). For R. oryzae lipase, r28ROL was als o observed to convert to mature lipase gradually incubated at 0-6  °C for a few days (Sayari, Frikha et al. 2005, Hama, Tamalampudi et al. 2006). It has been reported that the prosequence from R. chinensis lipases was more efficient than that from ROL in the role of facilitating the folding and secretion of an active lipase (Yu, Sha et al. 2013). The activity of the chimeric lipase from R. oryzae by replacing the prosequence with that from R. chinensis reached 4050 U/mL, which was 11 fold higher than that of the parent expressed in P. pastoris (Yu, Sha et al. 2013). mROL activity expressed in S. cerevisiae was not detected (Ueda, Takahashi et al. 2002), whereas mROL was functionally expressed and secreted in P. pastoris (Beer, McCarthy et al. 1998) (Minning, Schmidt-Dannert et al. 1998). The expression of mROL was compared under different regulated promoters (Serrano 2002) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005) (Resina, Serrano et al. 2004), i.e. alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP) and the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1). Expression of the mature form of ROL under the constitutive PGAP promoter resulted in extremely low extracellular lipase levels (Serrano 2002). PAOX is highly induced during growth on methanol, but tightly repressed during growth of the yeast on most common carbon sources such as glucose, glycerol or ethanol, while PFLD1 allows the design of methanol-free culture strategies, being methylamine a less volatile and flammable inducer. Valero and co-authors (Resina, Cos et al. 2005) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005) successfully expressed mROL in P. pastoris under the PFLD1 promoter using methylamine as nitrogen and sorbitol as carbon source. The productivity under PFLD1 promoter are comparable to the classic PAOX system (Resina, Cos et al. 2005) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005). However, limitationsincurrent knowledgein the regulation of methylamine metabolism in P. pastoris limit thedesignof efficientfermentationstrategies using PFLD1 promoter. The presence of multiple integrated copies of a desired expression cassette has been reported to be an important factor in increasing foreign protein production in P. pastoris (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). The high-level expression of R. chinensis lipase was achieved by optimization of the lipase gene copy number in the host strain P. pastoris (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Among 1, 3, 5 and 6-copy strains, the maximum lipase activity reached 12,500 U/mL in 5-cope strain, which was 6.2-fold higher than that in 1-copy strain (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Maximizing gene copy number sometimes resulted in a decreased final productivity yield (Sha, Yu et al. 2013) or a negative effect on cell growth (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005), which indicated stress effects of Rhizopus lipases overexpression upon P. pastoris cells. Recent transcriptomic-based studies (Sha, Yu et al. 2013) (Resina, Bollok et al. 2007) strongly suggest that heterologous overexpression of Rhizopus lipases in P. pastoris indeed triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, co-expression of certain chaperons could relief the cell stress caused by foreign protein overexpression. The productivity of R. chinensis lipase in P. pastoris was improved by co-expression with ERO1p and PDI (Kumar, Jahan et al. 2013) (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). These two chaperons are involved in the protein disulfide bond formation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, thus chaperon co-expression contribute to the relief of the protein overexpression stress in recombinant P. pastoris (Kumar, Jahan et al. 2013) (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Co-expression of unfolded protein response transcriptional factor (Hac1) resulted in about a 3-fold increase in the overall specific productivity of mROL in P. pastoris while the deletion of GAS1, required for the cell wall assembly, achieved 4-fold increase. And the double mutant HAC1/Δgas1 strain yielded about a 7-fold increase (Resina, Maurer et al. 2009). Novel genetic factors enhancing heterologous protei n secretion in P. pastoris have been identified on the basis of transcriptomic analyses (Gasser, Sauer et al. 2007), which give a new insight into engineering P. pastoris for heterologous expression of foreign proteins. Another factor that should be considered for expression optimization is the Mut phenotype. When single copy mROL was expressed in P. pastoris under control of PAOX, the Maximal lipase activity (205U/mL), the specific production rate (qp, 63 U/gbiomass/h ) and the yield of lipase activity per biomass unit (YP/X, 5775U/gbiomass) by Muts strain were 1.37-, 1.29- and 2.34-fold higher than those by Mut+ strain, while the productivity (2246 U/L/h) by Muts strain was 1.34-fold lower than that by Mut+ strain (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). For R. chinensis prolipase expressed in P. pastoris, Muts strain exibited 1.4-fold higher activity than that of Mut+ phenotype (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). Muts is not as sensitive as Mut+ to high transient methanol concentrations which make the bioprocess easier to control and enables scale up. However, Muts phenotype fermentation results in long induction times with low growth rates (Arnau, Casas et al. 2011). Different strategies have been implemented in the production of R. oryzae lipase under the PAOX promoter in P. pastoris Mut+ phenotype, eg. dissolved oxygen control (DO-stat), methanol limited fed-batch (MLFB, control of the substrate concentration close to zero), methanol non-limited fed-batch (MNLFB, maintenance of the substrate concentration at a constant value), as well as temperature limited fed-batch (TLFB). The MNLFB strategy for ROL expression led to 20–30 h reduction in the production time, a 11-fold higher final lipolytic activity, a 13.6-fold higher productivity and a 10.3-fold higher specific productivity compared to the DO-stat strategy (Minning, Serrano et al. 2001). After optimization of methanol concentration, the activity of Rhizopus chinensis lipase reached 2130 U/mL by maintaining methanol concentration at 1 g/L controlled by an on-line methanol analyzer (Wu, Yu et al. 2011). One of the main drawbacks of P. pastoris Mut+ phenotype is the high oxygen demand i n high cell density cultures using MNLFB strategy (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). A TLFB strategy was thereafter applied to solve oxygen transfer limitations (Surribas, Stahn et al. 2007). Barrigà ³n et al. (Manuel Barrigon, Luis Montesinos et al. 2013) compared MLFB and MNLFB strategies for the production of mROL expressed in P. pastoris. Yields, productivities and specific production rate in all MLFB conditions were very low. Best results were obtained by MNLFB strategy at methanol set-point of 3 g/L, under which condition maximum lipase activity, productivity and specific productivity reached 280 U/mL, 5406 U/L/h, 102 U/g/h, respectively (Manuel Barrigon, Luis Montesinos et al. 2013) . Due to low specific growth rate of Muts phenotype, strategies to use mixed carbon sources in the induction phase are applied to improve the expression levels of mROL and to increase the productivity of the bioprocess. Glycerol and sorbitol are both frequently used as co-substrates. When glycerol was used as co-substrate, one of the key advantages is its higher ÃŽ ¼ (0.18 h−1 versus 0.02 h−1) compared with sorbitol. However, when the relation ÃŽ ¼Gly per ÃŽ ¼MeOH was larger than 4, a significant decrease of YP/X, volumetric and specific productivity was observed due to the repression of glycerol (Arnau, Casas et al. 2011). The sorbitol as an excellent non-repressive carbon source avoids the severe decrease of the specific production rate and it permits to achieve higher mROL production (Arnau, Ramon et al. 2010) (Ramon, Ferrer et al. 2007). During the induction stage, the ammonium ion released into the fermentation broth has a deep impact on cell growth and protein expression. In our previous study, the impact of NH4+ concentration on the expression of the R. oryzae chimeric lipase in P. pastoris co-expressed with ERO1p and PDI was investigated (Yu, Lu et al. 2013). Analysis of carbon metabolism and energy regeneration pattern revealed that under the optimum NH4+ concentration of 440 mmol/L more carbon source (methanol) was consumed with surged AOX activity and then the higher energy and amino acid precursors demand for recombinant protein synthesis is compensated for by the TCA cycle. Under the optimum NH4+ concentration the lipase activity reached 12,019 U/mL, which was 1.7-fold higher than that without supplement of NH4+ (Yu, Lu et al. 2013). It was also useful for other recombinant protein expression in P. pastoris by addition of inorganic nitrogen source (Kobayashi, Kuwae et al. 2000) (Zhang, Wang et al. 2008) (Yan g and Zhou 2004).

Dulce et Decorum est, by Wilfred Owen. Essay -- English Literature

Dulce et Decorum est, by Wilfred Owen. The First World War was an event that brought to many people, pain, sorrow and bitterness. Accounts of the war shows that no other war challenged existing conventions, morals and ideals in the same way as did World War. Many people touched by the terrror of the war have written pieces of literature about the massacre that was World War 1, wishing people to understand the horror and tragedy that befell those involved. "Dulce et Decorum est", by Wilfred Owen, is one such elegy that presents to the reader a vivid, horrifying description of World War 1, aiming to illustrate that war is not romantic and heroic, but a senseless and devastating event. In this poem, techniques such as imagery, alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia and contrast are used to express Owen's angry and bitter view towards what happened in the war. "Dulce et Decorum Est" uses strong images to convey Owen's feelings about the war, and to force the reader to take his view. Ghastly pictures of the war occur throughout the poem, largely in the last stanza, working together to present a vivid picture of the war. These images, utilised by Owen, show the ultimate irony and the moral of the poem, that it is not in fact a sweet fate to die for one's country even though others may think it heroic. This irony is illustrated using juxtaposition at the end of the poem. The men who enlist are "innocent", they are "children" who have learned that war is full of "high zest" and this makes them "ardent for some desperate glory". These innocent boys are willing to believe the Lie but will think differently once they experience the war first hand. Descriptive language is used throughout the poem to evoke specif... ...rd "drowning" is repeated twice to imprint on the reader's mind the effect the gas had on the soldier. The language used also helps to give a stronger impact on the reader by involving the use of one of the reader's five senses. In "Dulce et decorum est", onomatopoeia is used to enhance the effect of the poem, by involving the reader's sense of hearing. Words such as "guttering", "gargling" and "choking" are used to emphasise the horrific sounds of a man dying from gas, as the sounds of the words can be likened to what they are describing. The reader's attention does not wander throughout the poem because of Owen's consistent imagery. By the end of the poem, the reader can fully appreciate the irony between the truth of what happens in the trenches and the Lie being told at home. It is this attention to form and imagery that makes the poem effective.

Digital Fortress Chapter 13

Tokugen Numataka stood in his plush, penthouse office and gazed out at the Tokyo skyline. His employees and competitors knew him a sakuta same-the deadly shark. For three decade she'd outguessed, outbid, and out advertised all the Japanese competition; now he was on the brink of becoming a giant in the world market as well. He was about to close the biggest deal of his life-a deal that would make his Numatech Corp. the Microsoft of the future. His blood was alive with the cool rush of adrenaline. Business was war-and war was exciting. Although Tokugen Numataka had been suspicious when the call had come three days ago, he now knew the truth. He was blessed with myouri-good fortune. The gods had chosen him. â€Å"I have a copy of the Digital Fortress pass-key,† the American accent had said. â€Å"Would you like to buy it?† Numataka had almost laughed aloud. He knew it was a ploy. Numatech Corp. had bid generously for Ensei Tankado's new algorithm, and now one of Numatech's competitors was playing games, trying to find out the amount of the bid. â€Å"You have the pass-key?† Numataka feigned interest. â€Å"I do. My name is North Dakota.† Numataka stifled a laugh. Everyone knew about North Dakota. Tankado had told the press about his secret partner. It had been a wise move on Tankado's part to have a partner; even in Japan, business practices had become dishonorable. Ensei Tankado was not safe. But one false move by an overeager firm, and the pass-key would be published; every software firm on the market would suffer. Numataka took a long pull on his Umami cigar and played along with the caller's pathetic charade. â€Å"So you're selling your pass-key? Interesting. How does Ensei Tankado feel about this?† â€Å"I have no allegiance to Mr. Tankado. Mr. Tankado was foolish to trust me. The pass-key is worth hundreds of times what he is paying me to handle it for him.† â€Å"I'm sorry,† Numataka said. â€Å"Your pass-key alone is worth nothing to me. When Tankado finds out what you've done, he will simply publish his copy, and the market will be flooded.† â€Å"You will receive both pass-keys,† the voice said. â€Å"Mr. Tankado's and mine.† Numataka covered the receiver and laughed aloud. He couldn't help asking. â€Å"How much are you asking for both keys?† â€Å"Twenty million U.S. dollars.† Twenty million was almost exactly what Numataka had bid. â€Å"Twenty million?† He gasped in mock horror. â€Å"That's outrageous!† â€Å"I've seen the algorithm. I assure you it's well worth it.† No shit, thought Numataka. It's worth ten times that. â€Å"Unfortunately,† he said, tiring of the game, â€Å"we both know Mr. Tankado would never stand for this. Think of the legal repercussions.† The caller paused ominously. â€Å"What if Mr. Tankado were no longer a factor?† Numataka wanted to laugh, but he noted an odd determination in the voice. â€Å"If Tankado were no longer a factor?† Numataka considered it. â€Å"Then you and I would have a deal.† â€Å"I'll be in touch,† the voice said. The line went dead.

The Value of Knowledge Essays - British Films, Cold War Films

The Value of Knowledge Essays - British Films, Cold War Films Manroop Bhogal ENG4U0-I Mr. Gellert March 4, 2016 The Value of Knowledge Knowledge is an important element in life that shapes the way a person sees the world. Although knowledge is not something that can be seen, it holds tremendous value to those who are capable of having it. In George Orwells Animal Farm, the downfall of the farm is caused by the unequal possession of knowledge amongst the animals. This possession of knowledge goes hand-in-hand with those who control leadership and power, life and death, and manipulation. The pigs achieve their superiority and power through their academic abilities. Due to the pigs already having more knowledge than the rest of the animals in the beginning of the novel, they automatically take their positions as the leaders of the Animal Farm, The pigs [do] not actually work, but [direct] and [supervise] the others. With their superior knowledge, it was natural that they should assume the leadership (Orwell 11). In turn, their positions as higher authorities allow them to gain access to Mr. Jones farmhouse, using his childrens old spelling book to teach themselves how to read and write. Having gained these skills, and examined the concepts of economics, Napoleon suggests that they engage in trade with the neighbouring farms in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary, mainly rations. Napoleons knowledge of the trades gives him the ability to order Mr. Whymper to acquire rations for the animals and continue to report that there was no food sho rtage on the farm. Thus, with having no other contact with humans while allowing rations into the farm, as well as implying to the outside world that there is no food shortage, Napoleon has demonstrated to both the parties, that he is capable of running the animal farm without any humans, justifying his position as a powerful leader. This, in turn, begins the downfall of the Animal Farm. The other animals on the farm, however, due to their lack of intelligence, have only been led to their downfall. Many are unable to completely learn the alphabet while others do not feel the need to learn to read or write at all, Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter DNone of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A (Orwell 13). The sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. Their inability to effectively read or write stops them from averting Boxers murder, when they cannot read the sign on the van that takes him away (save Benjamin): Fools! Fools! shouted Benjamin, prancing round them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side of that van?Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knackers (Orwell 47). A spark of realization has occurred, and the animals soon understand the importance of being able to read and write. As they watch their fellow comrade being driven towards his death, their guilt has consumed them, for it is their illiteracy which has caused the incident. Had the pigs taught the animals how read or write with ease, or had the animals taken the effort to learn to do so, Boxer would have been spared from this terrible incident. Through their extensive knowledge of reading and writing English, the pigs are able to easily manipulate the other animals minds through the changes made to the Seven Commandments. Squealer manipulates the minds of the animals by using a method called gas-lighting, a form of mental abuse in which information is twisted or spun with the intent of making victims doubt their own memory. When the changes made to the Seven Commandments are questioned, Squealer simply replies that there was no such thing written, questioning their memory, completely aware of their inability to read the Seven Commandments in the first place: Squealer [asks] them shrewdly, Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere? And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed

Free Essays on My Papas Walts

The undeniable love for one's father cannot be overseen. The poem " My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke proves that the difference between pain and love is only but a small spark in the brain. A split second of choice is given to decide whether you love someone or hate them, that is the reason why may people fall in love with people that hurt them. In the case of this poem, Roethke does a fantastic job of disguising the horrific ideas of a father beating his son behind the pleasant image of dancing. While domestic violence is becoming as common as the tardy work of a college student, Roethke gives a little insite of impact on the whole family. A waltz is a dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a wirling motion(Websters). With this in mind the poem at hand gives a poor example of fine waltzing. In line 4 the author states that "such waltzing was not easy". At this point he gives the reader an insite to the begining of his sarcartic adventure. "We romped until the pans slid from the kitchen shelf"(lines 5 and 6). He wants you to think the "dancing" that they were doing was a little messy. whats realy happening is that a childs drunken over worked father has come home and is now abusively sending his son off to bed. As this is from the eyes of a small boy, he explains the actions of his father very easily like it is no big deal and this happens all the time. Roethke shows you the disapproval of the mother in this by her inability to stop this madness and her "frown". "You beat time on my head with a palm caked hard by dirt, Then waltzed me off to bed still clinging on to your shirt"(lines 13- 16). These lines show how the child in this peom has been beaten but still hangs on, still thinks it will stop at any moment. He hopes that his father will realize whatis going on. Saying that he is still clinging on allows you to believe in a bond. It makes you think that this child may never let go, that h... Free Essays on My Papa's Walts Free Essays on My Papa's Walts The undeniable love for one's father cannot be overseen. The poem " My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke proves that the difference between pain and love is only but a small spark in the brain. A split second of choice is given to decide whether you love someone or hate them, that is the reason why may people fall in love with people that hurt them. In the case of this poem, Roethke does a fantastic job of disguising the horrific ideas of a father beating his son behind the pleasant image of dancing. While domestic violence is becoming as common as the tardy work of a college student, Roethke gives a little insite of impact on the whole family. A waltz is a dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a wirling motion(Websters). With this in mind the poem at hand gives a poor example of fine waltzing. In line 4 the author states that "such waltzing was not easy". At this point he gives the reader an insite to the begining of his sarcartic adventure. "We romped until the pans slid from the kitchen shelf"(lines 5 and 6). He wants you to think the "dancing" that they were doing was a little messy. whats realy happening is that a childs drunken over worked father has come home and is now abusively sending his son off to bed. As this is from the eyes of a small boy, he explains the actions of his father very easily like it is no big deal and this happens all the time. Roethke shows you the disapproval of the mother in this by her inability to stop this madness and her "frown". "You beat time on my head with a palm caked hard by dirt, Then waltzed me off to bed still clinging on to your shirt"(lines 13- 16). These lines show how the child in this peom has been beaten but still hangs on, still thinks it will stop at any moment. He hopes that his father will realize whatis going on. Saying that he is still clinging on allows you to believe in a bond. It makes you think that this child may never let go, that h...

Research and Opinion Paper- On Organizational Culture Paper

And Opinion - On Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The aim was to help learners have a better understanding of the diverse organizational traditions. A set of semi structured questions on matters related to organizational culture and its consequences on the society were presented to different employees in the selected industries. The deductions discussed in this survey paper were made. Introduction Culture is defined as a set of traditions or beliefs that dictate the way of life of a group of people. On the other hand, organizational culture is the set of values that define the collective behavioral orientations of humans in a given setup (Hofstede, 2012). These components of organizational culture range from the institutions’ past to the contemporary issues. Most of the institutional traditions are based and established on common customs, attitudes and laws. It was, therefore, apt to conduct this cross-sectional research considering the said significance. Objectives of Organizational Culture Basically, organizational culture is normally established with the aim of improving the affairs of the company and defining its success. The institutional culture aims at maintaining and improving employee business conduct, as well as checking on better ways of employee treatment (Devis, 2007). The employee unit is a vital sector in each organization. The performance of the employees dictates the success of each company. A company that has an environmental culture which supports result oriented efforts is destined to thrive in its endeavors. It is, therefore, necessary to treat the employee cultural practices with a lot of care. Moreover, institutional customs also focus on defining proper channels through which authorities and information flow within the company. It also emphasizes on the importance of rewarding employees through promotions and salary increment based on their past performance records rather than social connections. Creating a culture that appreciates the employees’ individual efforts to impr ove company issues builds strong relations between the employees and their employees (Evans, 2012). This contributes to the overall performance of the industry. Moreover, it is encouraged to let the entire fraternity of a given organization to understand channels of communication and responsibility. Impacts of Culture on Various Organizations Organizational culture is one the most talked about issues in the contemporary world. In every field, there is always a given set of beliefs and customs that members have to bend to in order to thrive. Different fields have various cultural practices associated with them. In the school setting, there are a number of traditional practices that influence the performance and success of such institutions. For instance, students are subjected to a set of norms that dictate how they carry out themselves within the institution. At the same time, teachers and tutors too have preset norms to guide them in creating better learning conditions to the stude nts. It is the various composites of the schools’ customary practices such as the missions, visions and ways of operations that determine the institutional performances (Evans, 2012). The business realm is no exception. It is, for instance, based on capital generation and profit making as the cultural basis. Those who venture into the business field, therefore, have to put up with the traditions. In addition, there are

Importance of effective crosscultural communication in international Essay

Importance of effective crosscultural communication in international business - Essay Example We discuss the various issues relating to the diverse workforce and how these influence international business and its effectiveness. As it is observed that the communication barrier is the most influencing in the cross-cultural businesses, its importance and the possible ways to address this aspect to improve the effectiveness of international business is identified and discussed prominently. Finally, the results of the study are discussed and the discussion is concluded with recommendations. There is a growing trend among multi-national companies to employ diverse workforce, diverse not only in the functional and technological skills they possess, but also from various ethnic, cultural and demographic backgrounds. It is observed that "successful businesses are depending more on effective globalization, which in turn depend on the diversity in workforce" (Toomey, 1999: 4). This is due to the fact that they recognize that a cross-cultural team with its unique abilities can be an asset to the business and that it can contribute to the process of problem-solving owing to its diverse nature (Gupta, 2008 and Barrett, Davidson, 2006: 1). Gupta notes the comments of the SPHR, Delicia Del-gardo, "diversity can result in better business solutions" (2008). There is much evidence as to how these teams thrive on the diversity of skills, knowledge and culture to effectively approach problem-solving in various situations at work. As it enables them to leverage different approaches to solve a particular professional issue, there is a conscious effort by many teams to employ a diverse workforce. It can also be observed that this practice brings multi-dimensional advantages to the company. Along with the advantage of effective problem-solving, which is of importance in cross-cultural environments as they are prone to conflict, this practice of a employing a diverse workforce also brings an advantage to the business in terms of market share. With cross-cultural teams being employed, there is more exposure to the different cultures and also different markets, as with virtual teams, hence, these businesses can penetrate foreign markets with ease due to the inherent knowledge and skills available within (Guindi, Kamel, 2003). These teams are usually trained to communicate the importance of awareness that diversity exists and the need to identify and find ways to work towards a shared goal of the business, in spite of the differences. Hence, the responsibility lies on the management to train the workforce to be aware of the existence of differences and avoid any conflict rising due to these differences. The managements are responsible to communicate and ensure proper strategies to convey the shared goals and values that the employees need to inculcate to avoid any conflict and work on common grounds (Guindi, Kamel, 2003). However, there are still hoards of conflicts inherent in the cross-cultural businesses that they need to effectively address to ensure its smooth and